Bunker Survey Calculation

marine cargo ship surveyors

The bunker calculation is simple and needs the following:
– Tank Sounding data and Tank Capacity Table. The Corrected Sounding means below is the sounding after correcting with vessel’s trim and list.
– Temperature of Oil on Tanks,
– Oil Density @15*C,
– Table ASTM 54B (VCF) and Table ASTM 56 (WCF).

Now we could go with sample of 1 tank to test the calculation.

** Question :
FO Tank No. 1 Center, Corrected Sounding = 3.27 Meter,
Temperature = 34*C,and density @ 15*C = 0.9903 (given density).
Tank Volume at Sounding 3.20 M = 157.20 Cubic Meter,
at Sounding 3.30 M = 163.60 Cubic Meter.

Table 54B

** Answer :
– The Quantity in Metric Ton = Oil Vol x VCF x WCF,
– Observe Volume = {(3.27 – 3.20) / (3.30 – 3.20) x (163.60 – 157.20)} + 157.20
= (0.07/0.10) x (6.40) + 157.20 = 4.48 + 157.20 = 161.68 Cu.M.
– T 54B (VCF) > Density @ 15*C 0.9903 = 0.9870 (see the above picture you need to interpolate if any different numbers on both columns).
ASTM Table 54B – T 56 (WCF) : Density @15*C 0.9903 = 0.9892
(Quick formula with reducing factor for WCF is Density @ 15*C – 0.0011 = 0.9903 – 0.0011 = 0.9892).
We don’t need to see the table anymore.
– So, The Quantity in MT is 161.68 x 0.9870 x 0.9892 = 157.85 MT.

Sample calculation tanks sounding attached below (the Temp below should be 34 C).
Marine and Cargo Surveyors Webblog

Note : If you do calculation with Volume in Barrel,  just uses ASTM Table 6B for VCF, ASTM Table 11 for WCF in Long Ton and then ASTM Table 13 for WCF in Metric Ton.

For the above calculation, you could download the software BunkerCal by follow this link https://www.sevensurveyor.com/software/bunker-calculation/

Just drop your comments around this topic.

Regards,
Surveyors

Author: Faisal Yusuf

Hi, my name is Faisal Yusuf, but you can call me Surveyor. I live in Jakarta, Indonesia and work as a surveyor.

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114 Comments

  1. Dear Sir,

    Thanks for contacting us.

    Yes, the WCF formula is the same for both ASTM Table 54 and 54B.

    Regards,
    Faisal

  2. If this calculation is valid for both Marine Fuel Oil as well as Gas/Diesel Oil? I mean use of same table ASTM 54B for the VCF of Bunker Fuel oil as well as Marine Gas/Diesel oil same is the case with both oils WCF i-e densit at 15 deg C – 0.0011?
    Kindly reply.

  3. Dear Surveyor, Good day.

    Could you explain why Vessel use density in AIR when they calculated FO in storage tanks and use density in VAC when they calculated fuel cargo ? For example in Russia all bunker suppliers use density in VAC for this purpose.

    Thank you in advance.
    Slay.

  4. Hi.. Both Trim and List have the same mean to state unevenness condition of the vessel. Trim is stated the different between fore and aft draft condition, while List for inclination to port (left) or starboard (right). Both of them influence the flat of liquid surface on tanks. So, to make the surface flat, it need correction to calculate accurately. And commonly, there is table available for list correction.

  5. hi dear i’m new in this indutry so i want to know if there’s anyrelation betwen the list and the calculation of trim
    why we will us need the list for
    that list must we caculate it or there’s a table about the list need your answer to guide me more

  6. thanks and waiting

  7. Dear Whuy,

    Thanks for your info, I like this. The blog owner has helped me to promote my web blog.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  8. Dear Toyoto,

    I don’t get it yet. Could anyone help to answer this?

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  9. Dear Arshad,

    Thanks. I don’t hear about the VNET yet. Will inform once get it.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  10. Dear Malayarasan,

    Refers to T 54B density 0.9903 at 30*C is 0.9897. There is mistype on the sample of calculation above tank sounding. The temperature written 31*C, should be 34*C.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  11. Dear Soji,

    Thanks, the bunker survey is simple as the post you have seen.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  12. Dear High Gain,

    Thanks, you should add more data from tank table for trim and list correction to complete this calculation.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  13. Dear Nikkojcmae,

    Thank you. Can you use above the post method, could you?

    Regards
    Surveyors

  14. Hi Halo43,

    You should contact ASTM to get both table. Anyhow thanks.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  15. Kindly answer the question on Vnet. Everyone is waiting.

  16. How could we confirmed if the ship tank is VNET. If so how can we do a calculation/handle for VNET situation

  17. CAN I GET THE TABLE 54B, FOR TEMPERATURE 30C? For the same density.

  18. dear sir,
    normally we apply barge ‘s density during calculation of bunker on vessel’s nominated tanks after completion.
    but when and how we change the barge’s density if vessel’s nominated tank has some bunker prior to bunkering

  19. Sir, I enjoyed your Knowledge on Draft survey with the work Example it was so easy to understand and calculate. Pls I need a work Example too on Procedure for calculating Bunker Survey. I will be expecting. Thanx Best Regards

  20. Guys,

    I kindly please you to send me ASTM Table 56 to: slobofaca@gmail.com It woulld be a great help for me!

    Thanks a lot!

  21. for example how to get the trim correction …F=4.70 A =5.80 trim is 1.10 and initial sounding ullage = 12.80 cm.. the list is 2 degrees at port side…pls reply…thanks..

  22. Hi,
    Am a trainee surveyor from Singapore.
    2 question:
    1. How could we confirmed if the ship tank is VNET. If so how can we do a calculation/handle for VNET situation.
    2. How can we get the correct VCF by only using calculation/table 54.

    Could you pls email a copy of the table 54b.

    Thanks and regards

    Trainee Surveyor

  23. DEAR SIR,
    I AM A RETIRED SKIPPER FROM SRI LANKA ACCIDENTALLY I CAME ACROSS TO YOUR SURVEY PAGE AND DELIGHTED WITH YOUR HELPING BEHAVIOR. YOUR ARE LIKE A BECKON TO MANY YOUNG NAVIGATOR WHO WANT TO LEARN MORE IN THIS FIELD.MAY GOD BLESS YOU IN MANY WAYS LONG LIVE.
    SHANMUGALINGAM.R

  24. hi guys?!

    can you help me on how to calculate very easy for Oil Record Book..

    the formula only on how to calculate the remaining ROB in the tank..

    how to solve using an example of correction table factor..

    pls help me guys..

    Very thanks and best regards,

    nikko

  25. Hi,

    How do we calculate trim? Is it important? Can you provide me some basic formula. I new in this industry. Please guide me.

  26. hi can i have the astm 54b and 56table. please send to me @ halo43@hotmail.com

  27. hii..
    can you send me astm table 53, 54b,56,57 (PDF) showing in the above example
    Thanks in advance

    kind regards
    Dian BR

  28. I am a Chief Engineer , want to do Bunker Survey Course , pls let me know any Institution in India for this.

    Regards

    Rupaankar

  29. Dear Hamid,

    The VCF calculated formula is based on factor of API calculation of base density at temperature. It is easier to refer to ASTM table.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  30. hi sir
    many thanks for your cooperation,can u tell me how u calculated vcf or tell me vcf calculate formula .
    best regards.
    hamid

  31. Dear Khan,

    To find the volume @ 15*C, you only need to find the VCF at ASTM table 54 or 54B.

    Volume @ 15*C = observe volume x VCF.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  32. Dear Faisal,

    Thanks a lot for this website it really helped me a lot in every way possible…

    Can you Please Help me with “How you calculate Volume @15 C”

    i understood every thing but in your Sample calculation report i am unable to find a way to calculate the VOLUME @15 C

    Thanks & Best Regards,
    M.I.Khan

  33. Dear Ace,

    The factor is to find WCF (weight correction factor) for T56.
    Quick formula with reducing factor for WCF is Density @ 15*C – 0.0011
    example: density 0.9903 – 0.0011.
    t56 = 0.9892. We don’t need to see the table anymore.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  34. hi im confused of the factor 0.0011? what is the use of that factor?
    thank you..

  35. Hi Ansari,

    Thank you, if you have survey articles, you could contribute here as well.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  36. Hi Faisal & Team,

    You are always trying to solved all quireis of surveyors .
    Your contribution is highly appreciated to all surveyors specially Beginners.

    Best Regards,
    Ansari

  37. Please kindly send me the calculation formula of volume downloaded at 15C.

    If I have (1) volume downloaded at ambient (2) Density @ 15C and (3) Ambient Temperature (DegC), how can I find the volume downloaded @ 15C?

    Please kindly e-mail me at kamjo.awng@live.com

    Thank you very much for your assistance and cooperation on this matter.

    With Regards,

  38. that is good for us.

  39. please sent to density table 54B

  40. Hi Sid,

    Thanks for your comment.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  41. I used your information on draft survey and bunker surveys. Very helpful. Thank you for providing free information.

  42. Dear Ruben,

    I will email you soon.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  43. Dear Naresh,

    There is no softcopy for ASTM table. you should obtain the book table from http://www.astm.org. Or you could use one of the software on this blog. Go to https://sevensurveyor.com >> Survey & Surveyor >> Software >> choose no 3. ASTM Table 54B by Boriss Grahlovskis (freeware). Good luck.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  44. Dear Faisal,

    Your software is really hepful for us involved on the bunkers calculation. I wish to have the software to use on my daily service. I wish to get it, is that possible.

    Thanks and best regards,

    Ruben

  45. dear sir, would u plzz send me the soft copy of astm table nd 54b table for just reference plz send me in my mail thank you naresh

  46. Dear Gaj,

    Thanks for your correction. The mistype has already fixed on the post.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  47. Can you please clarify in worked example how you got the figure of 0.9903?
    Isn’t the given density at 15C is 0.9870?Thanks,

  48. What is the physical principle to use the WCF?

  49. Dear Naresh,

    I have just inserted 2 posts about petroleum survey. I will post more next time.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  50. sir thank for ur tremodous information about bunker will plz give me some valuable information about petroleum products survey.thank u waiting for replay

  51. dear all,

    im looking for relation direct between density at 15 and density observed,
    by this way: Density 15=f (Dobs,T)
    and tanks.

  52. Dear Harendra,

    The oil nature is the more temperture hit, the more volume reach.
    If your tank capacity is 50m x 25m x 10m = 12,500 m3, you should find the the quantity in m3 at 1m ullage.
    As per above tank, you 1m ullage is 50m x 25m x 9m = 11,250 m3.
    The 11,250 m3 is the maximum volume in m3 that required for your tank.
    Check the astm table for your cargo density and heating temperature. If use astm table 54b, when density 0.910 @ 20*c the factor is 0.9962.
    Then 11,250 m3 x 0.9662 = 11,207.25 m3 @ 15*c.

    If the heating applied, then temperature increased to 30*c and density at 0.910 the factor in astm table 54b is 0.9886, and your volume m3 will be increased to
    11,207.25 m3 : 0.9886 = 11,336.49 m3. That means you have loaded excessive volume to the intended ullage.
    To cope with this issue, you should calculate the final volume m3 after heating where:
    11,250 m3 x 0.9886 = 11,121.75 m3 @ 15*c.
    and 11,121.75 m3 : 0.9962 = 11,164.17 m3. Just find the ullage that point to 11,164.17 m3. Your cargo will be save at 1m ullage after heating.

    Actually it has the simple formula;
    loaded volume = volume m3 at intended ullage x VCF final (0.910 @ 30*c) : VCF initial (0.910 @ 20*c)
    11,250 m3 x 0.9886 : 0.9962 = 11,164.17 m3.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  53. sir,i am mariners to prepation for secondmate exam.I want to calculation regarding ASTM table for exam purpose.as my question….
    Q (1)–a cargo tank 50x25x10m has the ullagepipe 0.6m high.oil of density 0.910@15*c in vacuum is loaded at the temperature of 20*c.The oil will be heated during the voyage to a temperature of 30*c,at which time a minimum ullage of 1 m from the top of the pipeis required.calculate the loading ullage.(use ASTM table)
    pls give me full method with sove question.
    thanks

  54. hi
    can you send me astm table 54b (PDF) showing in the above example

  55. Bom dia Senhor.
    Gostaria de receber mais informacoes sobre calclo de calado

  56. hi
    can you send me astm table 54b (PDF) showing in the above example

    kind regards

  57. sir can you give me some guide of how to calculate LPG ship’s that are discharging ammonia?

    i hope you can give me one sir….
    thanks..

  58. Dear Sivamagesh,

    Thanks for your comment. As you are working with the surveyor company, it would be better to learn directly from your company colleague.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  59. Sir, I want to known about draft survey basically what can i do for that now I am working in Inspecrate Griffth India pvt ltd as a tally clerk I want to known about draft survey and bunker survey accurately I want some examples about draft and bunker survey calculation.Kindly teach me ya.
    My personal mail I.D is sivamagesh777@yahoo.com.
    My contact number is 09789903768.

    Thks & Rgds
    G.Sivamagesh

  60. Hi Korso,

    The copies you meant is not legal copy to distribute, you should order it from ASTM website.

    For references, I have load the simple program for ASTM table, you could check at software page. Hope you can work with it.

    Regards,
    Faisal

  61. Hi Naina,

    Sorry for late reply. I have some assignments to do.

    The calculation presented on the post is for general use, there is no different way to calculate between small ship and big ship.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  62. Dear Paul,

    You may take long distance course for marine survey at IIMS (international Institute For Marine Surveyor). please check the site http://iims.org.uk for more detail.

    Regards,
    Faisal

  63. Hi Evgeny,

    Thanks, it is correct when the temperature at 31 and density 0.9905 you will get VCF at 0.9891.
    But I was made the calculation at temperature 34 and density 0.9903 where the VCF is 0.9870.

    You could check the software page where I have load table 54B program, hope it useful.

    Regards,
    Faisal

    Regards,
    Faisal

  64. Hi Zakir,

    Thanks for commenting.

    Regards,
    Faisal

  65. Hi, I’m a young marine surveyor from algeria, and I would thank you verry mutch for all the informations you’re provinding us with, in fact the country were I am information are practically not available at all, and I would like to ask you if you can provide me with a copy of Table ASTM 54B (VCF) and Table ASTM 56 (WCF), that would help me verry mutch,
    many thanks in advance,
    and have a nice swell,

    best regards

  66. Dear Surveyors

    I am not suveyor, I hv been working as Executive Operations in a shipping company since 2006. I would like to know how to calculate bunker in tug boats with the BHP 2500 to 4000 BHP. and also pls guide to me to calculate Draft survey of barge from the capacity of 5000 DWT to 20,000 DWT.

    I hv been assign to give presentatino about these two by Thursday.

    Your kind help in this regard is highly appreciated.

    Regards
    Naina

  67. Thanks very much for your concern in educating people freely. I need your advice on the best certification I should go as regards Inspection Jobs. I am a Nigerian.
    Regards.
    Paul Okuneh

  68. Dear Faisal,

    Good day!

    You have a mistake VCF in example table and as a result next steps of calculation is wrong. As per API MPMS Chapter 11.1 (ASTM D 1250-04 and IP 200/04), Table 54B for your density +15C 0.9905 and fuel temp. +31C the true VCF is 0.9891.

    Best Regards,

  69. I am switching from sea to shore job as a bigginner in ship survey your works and comments will be of good help for me. Thanks for your valuable contribution in sharing knowledge for the advancement of the shipping industry in the area of surveying

  70. Thanks Capt. Miguel.

  71. Thanks Gouanfo,

    Welcome onboard of Marine Surveying. You could contribute your sea experience here.

    Regards,
    Faisal

  72. as I am switching from sea to shore job as a bigginner in ship survey your works and comments will be of good help for me. Thanks for your valuable contribution in sharing knowledge for the advancement of the shipping industry in the area of surveying

  73. VERY GOOD INFORMATION …THANKS A LOT….
    INDEPENDENT SHIP & CARGO SURVEYOR – CURRICULUM VITAE
    Capt. ( r ) MIGUEL SAIZ MONROY ( Lic. No. 17085010 – DIMAR –Col.).
    MARINE SURVEYOR, ISM & ISPS INSPECTOR CONSULTANT, MARITIME INSPECTIONS, DELIVERY / REDELIVERY, BUNKER SURVEYS, DRAFT SURVEYS, PORT CAPTAIN, PORT OPERATIONS, CARGO INSPECTIONS, CONDITION SURVEYS, ON HIRES / OFF HIRES IN COLOMBIAN NORTH PORTS.-

    Capt. ( r ) MIGUEL SAIZ MONROY – surveyorsaiz@hotmail.com; http://surveyor2007.spaces.live.com
    C. de C. No. 17085010 de Santa Fé de Bogotá, D.C. – Licencia de Navegación No. 17085010 – D I M A R – COLOMBIA
    N I T No. 17085010 – 0 – Régimen Simplificado
    Tel / Fax No. 5 7 5 – 3 0 1 5 9 7 5 – M o b i l e s: 3 0 0 8 0 2 6 7 6 7 y 3 0 0 8 0 3 7 2 0 7 – VHF Ch 16
    Calle 72 No. 39 – 222 – Piso 2 – Carrera 41 No. 71 – 79 Piso 2 – Barranquilla – Colombia – S.A.

  74. Thanks Vasim,

    Hope you could help the other surveyors.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  75. Dear all Surveyor’s……

    If u want any kind of imformation or problem in calculation or any dout …. I will sol for u people….
    Contact me on :- vasimjam@yahoo.co.in

  76. that in a report i must mention the amout of the damage
    exemple the collision between the ship and the tugboat

  77. Dear Erwin,

    Thanks. Yes, it is the easiest way to do draft survey.

    Best Regards,
    Surveyors

  78. Dear Silvio,

    Yes, you need to attach Table ASTM 54B for the calculation program.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  79. Dear Ali,

    I will post it shortly.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  80. dear surveyor,

    if found no trim and hell correction, we just only make vessel on evenkeel and going to calculated the quantity.

    tks

  81. dear sirs

    We need information on discharging supervision of marine bulk oil, in connection with ullaging of ship’s tanks and quantity calculation. The computer system will be needed together with table ASTM 54B.
    Could you please revert on this issue.

  82. draft survey: 2 em trim correction:

    what the precedure the found 2 trim correction the are 2 methode i want now secon d methode for second trim correction thank

  83. Dear Faisal

    Could you please, send me and explain the wedge formula.

    Thanks in advance

    yours faithfully

  84. Mr. A,

    The Bunkering Process is commonly as the transfering oil from one ship to another. The process is simple, the feeder ship or barge that carried oil, will be alongside at the ship that needs the oil (lets say it mother). After alongside, the feeder will prepare the pump and hose to connecting to the mother ship manifold. The mother tanks and/or flowmeter is checked and prepared by the ship crews. When all preparation is completed, the feeder will start to pump the oil to the mother tank as amount agreed. The quantity agreed could be ascertained by sounding or pointed by flowmeter. After completing the transfer, the tanks or flowmeter will re-check to get the quantity. Then the feeder cast off.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  85. sir i need to know about bunkering process in detail…….

  86. Dear Tyler,

    Thanks for your correction, it was mistyped and should be 3.20. I have changed it on the mentioned post.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  87. thanks very useful step by step but please explain why you use 3.05 (where does it come from) in below part

    Observe Volume = {(3.27 – 3.20) / (3.30 – 3.05) x (163.60 – 157.20)} + 157.20 = (0.07/0.10) x (6.40) + 157.20 = 4.48 + 157.20 = 161.68 Cu.M.

  88. Hi

  89. Hi Ixora,

    The ullage and sounding are only the method to find the level of liquid on the tank. After finding the liquid level, you could use the calculation for both with same formula.

    Regards,
    Faisal

  90. dear Faisal,

    it is this bunker calculation can be used in ullage or sounding calculation.

  91. Dear Nash,

    Thanks for feedback. The 34C should not be there, I have make mistyping.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  92. hello surveyors,

    i do understand everything but , i dont understand is how ure getting the 0.9892@34 C, you have not shown the T56 table here its very confusing here with WCF. WITH REFERNCE TO THE EXAMPLE ABOVE IVE COPIED THE CONFUSING PORTION BELOW

    “”T 56 (WCF) : Density @15C 0.9903 at 34 C = 0.9892 (Quick formula with reducing factor for WCF is Density @ 15C – 0.0011 = 0.9903 – 0.0011 = 0.9892). We don’t need to see the table anymore””

  93. Hi Rahdian,

    Thanks, you also could send your contribution for this blog.

    Have a nice day as well.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  94. Hi Faisal,
    You are great, you give a good contribute for as .

    Have a nice day

  95. Hi Reene..

    Please be noted that the author of this blog is Surveyors / Faisal not Sadanand as you are mentioned.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  96. Dear Sadanand,

    I need soft copy of this ASTM table . Could you please send me this ASTM54B Table softcopy. Plz…in the image above I couldn’t see any values. I need this table very urgent. Plz send me soon. It’s request from me.

  97. good calculation

  98. Dear Indran,

    I have published two posts about bunker survey, you could re-read https://sevensurveyor.com/2010/02/22/how-to-conduct-bunker-survey/ and https://sevensurveyor.com/2010/03/27/bunker-survey-calculation/.
    Then you could download at downloading sidebar on my website the “Bunker survey guide.pdf” and “MEASUREMENT OF PETROLEUM ON BOARD MARINE VESSELS.pdf”.
    The four resources is good enough to guide you for conducting bunker survey.

    If you are serious, you could learn by joining the survey company in your country as well.

    Regards,
    Surveyors

  99. Dear sir,

    I just starting to learn how to conduct bunker surveying , give some info from where i start.

    Thank you
    indran

  100. Dear Surveyor,

    thank you indeed for Your contribution on this site,kindly pls explain, how I can calculate the Trim & List correction of sounding, in case there are no Trim & List correction tables are available on board.

    best regards

    Aly Hussein

  101. Daer Abu,

    Thanks for your reading and comment.

  102. THANKS FOR THIS INFORMATIONS

  103. Dear Sadanand

    Could you please explain, how you find out the Trim correction & List correction for sounding, in case there are no Trim & List correction tables are available on board.

    yours faithfully

    Aly Hussein

  104. Dear Sadanand,

    Good day
    Way of simple explanation and a wonderful

    Regards,
    Aly Hussein

  105. Sadanad,

    Briefly, I can afford you with the calculation you meant. For the complete one, may be post later.

    Example with Capacity Table :
    Fuel Tank No. 1C.

    Sounding : 1.50 M or 1,500 MM.
    Vessel’s Trim : 1.00 M.
    Vessel List : 1.0 degree to Starboard Side.

    Trim Correction for Tank No. 1C in MM
    ——————————– TRIM ——————————–
    SOUNDING …… -1.00 / 0.00 / 1.00 / 2.00 / …
    …. 1.00 …………… -200 / 000 / 200 / 400 / …
    …. 2.00 …………… -600 / 000 / 400 / 600 / …
    …. 3.00 …………… -600 / 000 / 600 / 800 / …

    List Correction for Tank No. 1C in MM
    ——————————— PORT / STARBOARD ————
    LIST ….. / 3.0 / 2.0 / 1.0 / 0.0 / 1.0 / 2.0 / 3.0 / …
    Corr …… 300 / 200 / 100 / 000 / -100 / -200 / -300 /

    From the both tables we could get the corrected sounding as below :

    Corrected Sounding (CS) = Sounding (S) + Trim Correction (TC) + List Correction (LC)

    TC at S 1.50 M and Trim at 1.00 M is 300 MM (by Interpolation)
    LC at List 1.0 degree to starboard (the right part beside 0.0 degree) is -100 MM.

    CS = S + TC + LC.
    CS = 1500 + 300 +(-100) = 1,800 – 100 = 1,700 MM or 1.70 M.

    That’s all..
    Surveyors

  106. Dear all,

    Please explain the specimen of calculation to find out the corrected sounding corrected with trim and list.

    Regards,

    Sadanand

  107. Thanks Sadanand,

    Hope could find more interesting topic on the next post.

    Regards,
    Faisal

  108. Dear Surveyor,

    The above post is excellent and gives a detailed survey procedure.

    Your contribution to this site is phenomenal.

    Thanks a lot.
    Best Regards,

    Sadanand

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